# Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.

"""The WebDriver implementation."""
import contextlib
import copy
import pkgutil
import types
import typing
import warnings
from abc import ABCMeta
from base64 import b64decode
from base64 import urlsafe_b64encode
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from contextlib import contextmanager
from importlib import import_module
from typing import Dict
from typing import List
from typing import Optional
from typing import Union

from selenium.common.exceptions import InvalidArgumentException
from selenium.common.exceptions import JavascriptException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchCookieException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.html5.application_cache import ApplicationCache
from selenium.webdriver.common.options import BaseOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.timeouts import Timeouts
from selenium.webdriver.common.virtual_authenticator import Credential
from selenium.webdriver.common.virtual_authenticator import VirtualAuthenticatorOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.virtual_authenticator import (
    required_virtual_authenticator,
)
from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import RelativeBy

from .bidi_connection import BidiConnection
from .command import Command
from .errorhandler import ErrorHandler
from .file_detector import FileDetector
from .file_detector import LocalFileDetector
from .mobile import Mobile
from .remote_connection import RemoteConnection
from .script_key import ScriptKey
from .shadowroot import ShadowRoot
from .switch_to import SwitchTo
from .webelement import WebElement

_W3C_CAPABILITY_NAMES = frozenset(
    [
        "acceptInsecureCerts",
        "browserName",
        "browserVersion",
        "pageLoadStrategy",
        "platformName",
        "proxy",
        "setWindowRect",
        "strictFileInteractability",
        "timeouts",
        "unhandledPromptBehavior",
        "webSocketUrl",
    ]
)

_OSS_W3C_CONVERSION = {"acceptSslCerts": "acceptInsecureCerts", "version": "browserVersion", "platform": "platformName"}

cdp = None


def import_cdp():
    global cdp
    if not cdp:
        cdp = import_module("selenium.webdriver.common.bidi.cdp")


def _make_w3c_caps(caps):
    """Makes a W3C alwaysMatch capabilities object.

    Filters out capability names that are not in the W3C spec. Spec-compliant
    drivers will reject requests containing unknown capability names.

    Moves the Firefox profile, if present, from the old location to the new Firefox
    options object.

    :Args:
     - caps - A dictionary of capabilities requested by the caller.
    """
    caps = copy.deepcopy(caps)
    profile = caps.get("firefox_profile")
    always_match = {}
    if caps.get("proxy") and caps["proxy"].get("proxyType"):
        caps["proxy"]["proxyType"] = caps["proxy"]["proxyType"].lower()
    for k, v in caps.items():
        if v and k in _OSS_W3C_CONVERSION:
            # Todo: Remove in 4.7.0 (Deprecated in 4.5.0)
            w3c_equivalent = _OSS_W3C_CONVERSION[k]
            warnings.warn(
                f"{k} is not a w3c capability.  use `{w3c_equivalent}` instead.  This will no longer be"
                f" converted in 4.7.0",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            always_match[w3c_equivalent] = v.lower() if k == "platform" else v
        if k in _W3C_CAPABILITY_NAMES or ":" in k:
            always_match[k] = v
    if profile:
        moz_opts = always_match.get("moz:firefoxOptions", {})
        # If it's already present, assume the caller did that intentionally.
        if "profile" not in moz_opts:
            # Don't mutate the original capabilities.
            new_opts = copy.deepcopy(moz_opts)
            new_opts["profile"] = profile
            always_match["moz:firefoxOptions"] = new_opts
    return {"firstMatch": [{}], "alwaysMatch": always_match}


def get_remote_connection(capabilities, command_executor, keep_alive, ignore_local_proxy=False):
    from selenium.webdriver.chromium.remote_connection import ChromiumRemoteConnection
    from selenium.webdriver.firefox.remote_connection import FirefoxRemoteConnection
    from selenium.webdriver.safari.remote_connection import SafariRemoteConnection

    candidates = [RemoteConnection, ChromiumRemoteConnection, SafariRemoteConnection, FirefoxRemoteConnection]
    handler = next((c for c in candidates if c.browser_name == capabilities.get("browserName")), RemoteConnection)

    return handler(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive, ignore_proxy=ignore_local_proxy)


def create_matches(options: List[BaseOptions]) -> Dict:
    capabilities = {"capabilities": {}}
    opts = []
    for opt in options:
        opts.append(opt.to_capabilities())
    opts_size = len(opts)
    samesies = {}

    # Can not use bitwise operations on the dicts or lists due to
    # https://bugs.python.org/issue38210
    for i in range(opts_size):
        min_index = i
        if i + 1 < opts_size:
            first_keys = opts[min_index].keys()

            for kys in first_keys:
                if kys in opts[i + 1].keys():
                    if opts[min_index][kys] == opts[i + 1][kys]:
                        samesies.update({kys: opts[min_index][kys]})

    always = {}
    for k, v in samesies.items():
        always[k] = v

    for i in opts:
        for k in always:
            del i[k]

    capabilities["capabilities"]["alwaysMatch"] = always
    capabilities["capabilities"]["firstMatch"] = opts

    return capabilities


class BaseWebDriver(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """
    Abstract Base Class for all Webdriver subtypes.
    ABC's allow custom implementations of Webdriver to be registered so that isinstance type checks
    will succeed.
    """


class WebDriver(BaseWebDriver):
    """
    Controls a browser by sending commands to a remote server.
    This server is expected to be running the WebDriver wire protocol
    as defined at
    https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol

    :Attributes:
     - session_id - String ID of the browser session started and controlled by this WebDriver.
     - capabilities - Dictionary of effective capabilities of this browser session as returned
         by the remote server. See https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/DesiredCapabilities
     - command_executor - remote_connection.RemoteConnection object used to execute commands.
     - error_handler - errorhandler.ErrorHandler object used to handle errors.
    """

    _web_element_cls = WebElement
    _shadowroot_cls = ShadowRoot

    def __init__(
        self,
        command_executor="http://127.0.0.1:4444",
        desired_capabilities=None,
        browser_profile=None,
        proxy=None,
        keep_alive=True,
        file_detector=None,
        options: Union[BaseOptions, List[BaseOptions]] = None,
    ):
        """
        Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.

        :Args:
         - command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom
             remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'.
         - desired_capabilities - A dictionary of capabilities to request when
             starting the browser session. Required parameter.
         - browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object.
             Only used if Firefox is requested. Optional.
         - proxy - A selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy object. The browser session will
             be started with given proxy settings, if possible. Optional.
         - keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use
             HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to True.
         - file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,
             then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.
         - options - instance of a driver options.Options class
        """
        if desired_capabilities:
            warnings.warn(
                "desired_capabilities has been deprecated, please pass in an Options object with options kwarg",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
        if browser_profile:
            warnings.warn(
                "browser_profile has been deprecated, please pass in an Firefox Options object with options kwarg",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
        if proxy:
            warnings.warn(
                "proxy has been deprecated, please pass in an Options object with options kwarg",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
        if not keep_alive:
            warnings.warn(
                "keep_alive has been deprecated. We will be using True as the default value as we start removing it.",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
        capabilities = {}
        # If we get a list we can assume that no capabilities
        # have been passed in
        if isinstance(options, list):
            capabilities = create_matches(options)
        else:
            _ignore_local_proxy = False
            if options:
                capabilities = options.to_capabilities()
                _ignore_local_proxy = options._ignore_local_proxy
            if desired_capabilities:
                if not isinstance(desired_capabilities, dict):
                    raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities must be a dictionary")
                capabilities.update(desired_capabilities)
        self.command_executor = command_executor
        if isinstance(self.command_executor, (str, bytes)):
            self.command_executor = get_remote_connection(
                capabilities,
                command_executor=command_executor,
                keep_alive=keep_alive,
                ignore_local_proxy=_ignore_local_proxy,
            )
        self._is_remote = True
        self.session_id = None
        self.caps = {}
        self.pinned_scripts = {}
        self.error_handler = ErrorHandler()
        self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
        self._mobile = Mobile(self)
        self.file_detector = file_detector or LocalFileDetector()
        self._authenticator_id = None
        self.start_client()
        self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{0.__module__}.{0.__name__} (session="{1}")>'.format(type(self), self.session_id)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(
        self,
        exc_type: typing.Optional[typing.Type[BaseException]],
        exc: typing.Optional[BaseException],
        traceback: typing.Optional[types.TracebackType],
    ):
        self.quit()

    @contextmanager
    def file_detector_context(self, file_detector_class, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Overrides the current file detector (if necessary) in limited context.
        Ensures the original file detector is set afterwards.

        Example:

        with webdriver.file_detector_context(UselessFileDetector):
            someinput.send_keys('/etc/hosts')

        :Args:
         - file_detector_class - Class of the desired file detector. If the class is different
             from the current file_detector, then the class is instantiated with args and kwargs
             and used as a file detector during the duration of the context manager.
         - args - Optional arguments that get passed to the file detector class during
             instantiation.
         - kwargs - Keyword arguments, passed the same way as args.
        """
        last_detector = None
        if not isinstance(self.file_detector, file_detector_class):
            last_detector = self.file_detector
            self.file_detector = file_detector_class(*args, **kwargs)
        try:
            yield
        finally:
            if last_detector:
                self.file_detector = last_detector

    @property
    def mobile(self) -> Mobile:
        return self._mobile

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        """Returns the name of the underlying browser for this instance.

        :Usage:
            ::

                name = driver.name
        """
        if "browserName" in self.caps:
            return self.caps["browserName"]
        raise KeyError("browserName not specified in session capabilities")

    def start_client(self):
        """
        Called before starting a new session. This method may be overridden
        to define custom startup behavior.
        """
        pass

    def stop_client(self):
        """
        Called after executing a quit command. This method may be overridden
        to define custom shutdown behavior.
        """
        pass

    def start_session(self, capabilities: dict, browser_profile=None) -> None:
        """
        Creates a new session with the desired capabilities.

        :Args:
         - capabilities - a capabilities dict to start the session with.
         - browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object. Only used if Firefox is requested.
        """
        if not isinstance(capabilities, dict):
            raise InvalidArgumentException("Capabilities must be a dictionary")
        if browser_profile:
            if "moz:firefoxOptions" in capabilities:
                capabilities["moz:firefoxOptions"]["profile"] = browser_profile.encoded
            else:
                capabilities.update({"firefox_profile": browser_profile.encoded})
        w3c_caps = _make_w3c_caps(capabilities)
        parameters = {"capabilities": w3c_caps}
        response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
        if "sessionId" not in response:
            response = response["value"]
        self.session_id = response["sessionId"]
        self.caps = response.get("value")

        # if capabilities is none we are probably speaking to
        # a W3C endpoint
        if not self.caps:
            self.caps = response.get("capabilities")

    def _wrap_value(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            converted = {}
            for key, val in value.items():
                converted[key] = self._wrap_value(val)
            return converted
        if isinstance(value, self._web_element_cls):
            return {"element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf": value.id}
        if isinstance(value, self._shadowroot_cls):
            return {"shadow-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf": value.id}
        if isinstance(value, list):
            return list(self._wrap_value(item) for item in value)
        return value

    def create_web_element(self, element_id: str) -> WebElement:
        """Creates a web element with the specified `element_id`."""
        return self._web_element_cls(self, element_id)

    def _unwrap_value(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            if "element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf" in value:
                return self.create_web_element(value["element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf"])
            if "shadow-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf" in value:
                return self._shadowroot_cls(self, value["shadow-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf"])
            for key, val in value.items():
                value[key] = self._unwrap_value(val)
            return value
        if isinstance(value, list):
            return list(self._unwrap_value(item) for item in value)
        return value

    def execute(self, driver_command: str, params: dict = None) -> dict:
        """
        Sends a command to be executed by a command.CommandExecutor.

        :Args:
         - driver_command: The name of the command to execute as a string.
         - params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.

        :Returns:
          The command's JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.
        """
        params = self._wrap_value(params)

        if self.session_id:
            if not params:
                params = {"sessionId": self.session_id}
            elif "sessionId" not in params:
                params["sessionId"] = self.session_id

        response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
        if response:
            self.error_handler.check_response(response)
            response["value"] = self._unwrap_value(response.get("value", None))
            return response
        # If the server doesn't send a response, assume the command was
        # a success
        return {"success": 0, "value": None, "sessionId": self.session_id}

    def get(self, url: str) -> None:
        """
        Loads a web page in the current browser session.
        """
        self.execute(Command.GET, {"url": url})

    @property
    def title(self) -> str:
        """Returns the title of the current page.

        :Usage:
            ::

                title = driver.title
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_TITLE).get("value", "")

    def pin_script(self, script: str, script_key=None) -> ScriptKey:
        """Store common javascript scripts to be executed later by a unique hashable ID."""
        script_key_instance = ScriptKey(script_key)
        self.pinned_scripts[script_key_instance.id] = script
        return script_key_instance

    def unpin(self, script_key: ScriptKey) -> None:
        """Remove a pinned script from storage."""
        try:
            self.pinned_scripts.pop(script_key.id)
        except KeyError:
            raise KeyError(f"No script with key: {script_key} existed in {self.pinned_scripts}") from None

    def get_pinned_scripts(self) -> List[str]:
        return list(self.pinned_scripts)

    def execute_script(self, script, *args):
        """
        Synchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

        :Args:
         - script: The JavaScript to execute.
         - \\*args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.execute_script('return document.title;')
        """
        if isinstance(script, ScriptKey):
            try:
                script = self.pinned_scripts[script.id]
            except KeyError:
                raise JavascriptException("Pinned script could not be found")

        converted_args = list(args)
        command = Command.W3C_EXECUTE_SCRIPT

        return self.execute(command, {"script": script, "args": converted_args})["value"]

    def execute_async_script(self, script: str, *args):
        """
        Asynchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

        :Args:
         - script: The JavaScript to execute.
         - \\*args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.

        :Usage:
            ::

                script = "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1]; " \\
                         "window.setTimeout(function(){ callback('timeout') }, 3000);"
                driver.execute_async_script(script)
        """
        converted_args = list(args)
        command = Command.W3C_EXECUTE_SCRIPT_ASYNC

        return self.execute(command, {"script": script, "args": converted_args})["value"]

    @property
    def current_url(self) -> str:
        """
        Gets the URL of the current page.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.current_url
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_CURRENT_URL)["value"]

    @property
    def page_source(self) -> str:
        """
        Gets the source of the current page.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.page_source
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_PAGE_SOURCE)["value"]

    def close(self) -> None:
        """
        Closes the current window.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.close()
        """
        self.execute(Command.CLOSE)

    def quit(self) -> None:
        """
        Quits the driver and closes every associated window.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.quit()
        """
        try:
            self.execute(Command.QUIT)
        finally:
            self.stop_client()
            self.command_executor.close()

    @property
    def current_window_handle(self) -> str:
        """
        Returns the handle of the current window.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.current_window_handle
        """
        return self.execute(Command.W3C_GET_CURRENT_WINDOW_HANDLE)["value"]

    @property
    def window_handles(self) -> List[str]:
        """
        Returns the handles of all windows within the current session.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.window_handles
        """
        return self.execute(Command.W3C_GET_WINDOW_HANDLES)["value"]

    def maximize_window(self) -> None:
        """
        Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using
        """
        command = Command.W3C_MAXIMIZE_WINDOW
        self.execute(command, None)

    def fullscreen_window(self) -> None:
        """
        Invokes the window manager-specific 'full screen' operation
        """
        self.execute(Command.FULLSCREEN_WINDOW)

    def minimize_window(self) -> None:
        """
        Invokes the window manager-specific 'minimize' operation
        """
        self.execute(Command.MINIMIZE_WINDOW)

    def print_page(self, print_options: Optional[PrintOptions] = None) -> str:
        """
        Takes PDF of the current page.
        The driver makes a best effort to return a PDF based on the provided parameters.
        """
        options = {}
        if print_options:
            options = print_options.to_dict()

        return self.execute(Command.PRINT_PAGE, options)["value"]

    @property
    def switch_to(self) -> SwitchTo:
        """
        :Returns:
            - SwitchTo: an object containing all options to switch focus into

        :Usage:
            ::

                element = driver.switch_to.active_element
                alert = driver.switch_to.alert
                driver.switch_to.default_content()
                driver.switch_to.frame('frame_name')
                driver.switch_to.frame(1)
                driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "iframe")[0])
                driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
                driver.switch_to.window('main')
        """
        return self._switch_to

    # Navigation
    def back(self) -> None:
        """
        Goes one step backward in the browser history.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.back()
        """
        self.execute(Command.GO_BACK)

    def forward(self) -> None:
        """
        Goes one step forward in the browser history.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.forward()
        """
        self.execute(Command.GO_FORWARD)

    def refresh(self) -> None:
        """
        Refreshes the current page.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.refresh()
        """
        self.execute(Command.REFRESH)

    # Options
    def get_cookies(self) -> List[dict]:
        """
        Returns a set of dictionaries, corresponding to cookies visible in the current session.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_cookies()
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_ALL_COOKIES)["value"]

    def get_cookie(self, name) -> typing.Optional[typing.Dict]:
        """
        Get a single cookie by name. Returns the cookie if found, None if not.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_cookie('my_cookie')
        """
        with contextlib.suppress(NoSuchCookieException):
            return self.execute(Command.GET_COOKIE, {"name": name})["value"]

    def delete_cookie(self, name) -> None:
        """
        Deletes a single cookie with the given name.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.delete_cookie('my_cookie')
        """
        self.execute(Command.DELETE_COOKIE, {"name": name})

    def delete_all_cookies(self) -> None:
        """
        Delete all cookies in the scope of the session.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.delete_all_cookies()
        """
        self.execute(Command.DELETE_ALL_COOKIES)

    def add_cookie(self, cookie_dict) -> None:
        """
        Adds a cookie to your current session.

        :Args:
         - cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - "name" and "value";
            optional keys - "path", "domain", "secure", "httpOnly", "expiry", "sameSite"

        Usage:
            driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'})
            driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'})
            driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure':True})
            driver.add_cookie({'name': 'foo', 'value': 'bar', 'sameSite': 'Strict'})

        """
        if "sameSite" in cookie_dict:
            assert cookie_dict["sameSite"] in ["Strict", "Lax", "None"]
            self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {"cookie": cookie_dict})
        else:
            self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {"cookie": cookie_dict})

    # Timeouts
    def implicitly_wait(self, time_to_wait: float) -> None:
        """
        Sets a sticky timeout to implicitly wait for an element to be found,
           or a command to complete. This method only needs to be called one
           time per session. To set the timeout for calls to
           execute_async_script, see set_script_timeout.

        :Args:
         - time_to_wait: Amount of time to wait (in seconds)

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        """
        self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"implicit": int(float(time_to_wait) * 1000)})

    def set_script_timeout(self, time_to_wait: float) -> None:
        """
        Set the amount of time that the script should wait during an
           execute_async_script call before throwing an error.

        :Args:
         - time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait (in seconds)

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.set_script_timeout(30)
        """
        self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"script": int(float(time_to_wait) * 1000)})

    def set_page_load_timeout(self, time_to_wait: float) -> None:
        """
        Set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete
           before throwing an error.

        :Args:
         - time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)
        """
        try:
            self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"pageLoad": int(float(time_to_wait) * 1000)})
        except WebDriverException:
            self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"ms": float(time_to_wait) * 1000, "type": "page load"})

    @property
    def timeouts(self) -> Timeouts:
        """
        Get all the timeouts that have been set on the current session

        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.timeouts
        :rtype: Timeout
        """
        timeouts = self.execute(Command.GET_TIMEOUTS)["value"]
        timeouts["implicit_wait"] = timeouts.pop("implicit") / 1000
        timeouts["page_load"] = timeouts.pop("pageLoad") / 1000
        timeouts["script"] = timeouts.pop("script") / 1000
        return Timeouts(**timeouts)

    @timeouts.setter
    def timeouts(self, timeouts) -> None:
        """
        Set all timeouts for the session. This will override any previously
        set timeouts.

        :Usage:
            ::
                my_timeouts = Timeouts()
                my_timeouts.implicit_wait = 10
                driver.timeouts = my_timeouts
        """
        _ = self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, timeouts._to_json())["value"]

    def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value: Optional[str] = None) -> WebElement:
        """
        Find an element given a By strategy and locator.

        :Usage:
            ::

                element = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'foo')

        :rtype: WebElement
        """
        if isinstance(by, RelativeBy):
            elements = self.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
            if not elements:
                raise NoSuchElementException(f"Cannot locate relative element with: {by.root}")
            return elements[0]

        if by == By.ID:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = '[id="%s"]' % value
        elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = ".%s" % value
        elif by == By.NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = '[name="%s"]' % value

        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"]

    def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value: Optional[str] = None) -> List[WebElement]:
        """
        Find elements given a By strategy and locator.

        :Usage:
            ::

                elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'foo')

        :rtype: list of WebElement
        """
        if isinstance(by, RelativeBy):
            _pkg = ".".join(__name__.split(".")[:-1])
            raw_function = pkgutil.get_data(_pkg, "findElements.js").decode("utf8")
            find_element_js = f"return ({raw_function}).apply(null, arguments);"
            return self.execute_script(find_element_js, by.to_dict())

        if by == By.ID:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = '[id="%s"]' % value
        elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = ".%s" % value
        elif by == By.NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = '[name="%s"]' % value

        # Return empty list if driver returns null
        # See https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/4555
        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENTS, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"] or []

    @property
    def desired_capabilities(self) -> dict:
        """
        returns the drivers current desired capabilities being used
        """
        warnings.warn("desired_capabilities is deprecated. Please call capabilities.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
        return self.caps

    @property
    def capabilities(self) -> dict:
        """
        returns the drivers current capabilities being used.
        """
        return self.caps

    def get_screenshot_as_file(self, filename) -> bool:
        """
        Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns
           False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in
           your filename.

        :Args:
         - filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This
           should end with a `.png` extension.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png')
        """
        if not str(filename).lower().endswith(".png"):
            warnings.warn(
                "name used for saved screenshot does not match file " "type. It should end with a `.png` extension",
                UserWarning,
            )
        png = self.get_screenshot_as_png()
        try:
            with open(filename, "wb") as f:
                f.write(png)
        except OSError:
            return False
        finally:
            del png
        return True

    def save_screenshot(self, filename) -> bool:
        """
        Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns
           False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in
           your filename.

        :Args:
         - filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This
           should end with a `.png` extension.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.save_screenshot('/Screenshots/foo.png')
        """
        return self.get_screenshot_as_file(filename)

    def get_screenshot_as_png(self) -> bytes:
        """
        Gets the screenshot of the current window as a binary data.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
        """
        return b64decode(self.get_screenshot_as_base64().encode("ascii"))

    def get_screenshot_as_base64(self) -> str:
        """
        Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string
           which is useful in embedded images in HTML.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
        """
        return self.execute(Command.SCREENSHOT)["value"]

    def set_window_size(self, width, height, windowHandle: str = "current") -> None:
        """
        Sets the width and height of the current window. (window.resizeTo)

        :Args:
         - width: the width in pixels to set the window to
         - height: the height in pixels to set the window to

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.set_window_size(800,600)
        """
        if windowHandle != "current":
            warnings.warn("Only 'current' window is supported for W3C compatible browsers.")
        self.set_window_rect(width=int(width), height=int(height))

    def get_window_size(self, windowHandle: str = "current") -> dict:
        """
        Gets the width and height of the current window.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_window_size()
        """

        if windowHandle != "current":
            warnings.warn("Only 'current' window is supported for W3C compatible browsers.")
        size = self.get_window_rect()

        if size.get("value", None):
            size = size["value"]

        return {k: size[k] for k in ("width", "height")}

    def set_window_position(self, x, y, windowHandle: str = "current") -> dict:
        """
        Sets the x,y position of the current window. (window.moveTo)

        :Args:
         - x: the x-coordinate in pixels to set the window position
         - y: the y-coordinate in pixels to set the window position

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.set_window_position(0,0)
        """
        if windowHandle != "current":
            warnings.warn("Only 'current' window is supported for W3C compatible browsers.")
        return self.set_window_rect(x=int(x), y=int(y))

    def get_window_position(self, windowHandle="current") -> dict:
        """
        Gets the x,y position of the current window.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_window_position()
        """

        if windowHandle != "current":
            warnings.warn("Only 'current' window is supported for W3C compatible browsers.")
        position = self.get_window_rect()

        return {k: position[k] for k in ("x", "y")}

    def get_window_rect(self) -> dict:
        """
        Gets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of
        the current window.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_window_rect()
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_WINDOW_RECT)["value"]

    def set_window_rect(self, x=None, y=None, width=None, height=None) -> dict:
        """
        Sets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of
        the current window. This method is only supported for W3C compatible
        browsers; other browsers should use `set_window_position` and
        `set_window_size`.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10)
                driver.set_window_rect(width=100, height=200)
                driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10, width=100, height=200)
        """

        if (x is None and y is None) and (not height and not width):
            raise InvalidArgumentException("x and y or height and width need values")

        return self.execute(Command.SET_WINDOW_RECT, {"x": x, "y": y, "width": width, "height": height})["value"]

    @property
    def file_detector(self) -> FileDetector:
        return self._file_detector

    @file_detector.setter
    def file_detector(self, detector) -> None:
        """
        Set the file detector to be used when sending keyboard input.
        By default, this is set to a file detector that does nothing.

        see FileDetector
        see LocalFileDetector
        see UselessFileDetector

        :Args:
         - detector: The detector to use. Must not be None.
        """
        if not detector:
            raise WebDriverException("You may not set a file detector that is null")
        if not isinstance(detector, FileDetector):
            raise WebDriverException("Detector has to be instance of FileDetector")
        self._file_detector = detector

    @property
    def orientation(self):
        """
        Gets the current orientation of the device

        :Usage:
            ::

                orientation = driver.orientation
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_SCREEN_ORIENTATION)["value"]

    @orientation.setter
    def orientation(self, value) -> None:
        """
        Sets the current orientation of the device

        :Args:
         - value: orientation to set it to.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.orientation = 'landscape'
        """
        allowed_values = ["LANDSCAPE", "PORTRAIT"]
        if value.upper() in allowed_values:
            self.execute(Command.SET_SCREEN_ORIENTATION, {"orientation": value})
        else:
            raise WebDriverException("You can only set the orientation to 'LANDSCAPE' and 'PORTRAIT'")

    @property
    def application_cache(self):
        """Returns a ApplicationCache Object to interact with the browser app cache"""
        return ApplicationCache(self)

    @property
    def log_types(self):
        """
        Gets a list of the available log types. This only works with w3c compliant browsers.

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.log_types
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_AVAILABLE_LOG_TYPES)["value"]

    def get_log(self, log_type):
        """
        Gets the log for a given log type

        :Args:
         - log_type: type of log that which will be returned

        :Usage:
            ::

                driver.get_log('browser')
                driver.get_log('driver')
                driver.get_log('client')
                driver.get_log('server')
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_LOG, {"type": log_type})["value"]

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def bidi_connection(self):
        global cdp
        import_cdp()
        if self.caps.get("se:cdp"):
            ws_url = self.caps.get("se:cdp")
            version = self.caps.get("se:cdpVersion").split(".")[0]
        else:
            version, ws_url = self._get_cdp_details()

        if not ws_url:
            raise WebDriverException("Unable to find url to connect to from capabilities")

        devtools = cdp.import_devtools(version)
        async with cdp.open_cdp(ws_url) as conn:
            targets = await conn.execute(devtools.target.get_targets())
            target_id = targets[0].target_id
            async with conn.open_session(target_id) as session:
                yield BidiConnection(session, cdp, devtools)

    def _get_cdp_details(self):
        import json

        import urllib3

        http = urllib3.PoolManager()
        _firefox = False
        if self.caps.get("browserName") == "chrome":
            debugger_address = self.caps.get(f"{self.vendor_prefix}:{self.caps.get('browserName')}Options").get(
                "debuggerAddress"
            )
        else:
            _firefox = True
            debugger_address = self.caps.get("moz:debuggerAddress")
        res = http.request("GET", f"http://{debugger_address}/json/version")
        data = json.loads(res.data)

        browser_version = data.get("Browser")
        websocket_url = data.get("webSocketDebuggerUrl")

        import re

        if _firefox:
            # Mozilla Automation Team asked to only support 85
            # until WebDriver Bidi is available.
            version = 85
        else:
            version = re.search(r".*/(\d+)\.", browser_version).group(1)

        return version, websocket_url

    # Virtual Authenticator Methods
    def add_virtual_authenticator(self, options: VirtualAuthenticatorOptions) -> None:
        """
        Adds a virtual authenticator with the given options.
        """
        self._authenticator_id = self.execute(Command.ADD_VIRTUAL_AUTHENTICATOR, options.to_dict())["value"]

    @property
    def virtual_authenticator_id(self) -> str:
        """
        Returns the id of the virtual authenticator.
        """
        return self._authenticator_id

    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def remove_virtual_authenticator(self) -> None:
        """
        Removes a previously added virtual authenticator. The authenticator is no
        longer valid after removal, so no methods may be called.
        """
        self.execute(Command.REMOVE_VIRTUAL_AUTHENTICATOR, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})
        self._authenticator_id = None

    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def add_credential(self, credential: Credential) -> None:
        """
        Injects a credential into the authenticator.
        """
        self.execute(Command.ADD_CREDENTIAL, {**credential.to_dict(), "authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})

    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def get_credentials(self) -> List[Credential]:
        """
        Returns the list of credentials owned by the authenticator.
        """
        credential_data = self.execute(Command.GET_CREDENTIALS, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})
        return [Credential.from_dict(credential) for credential in credential_data["value"]]

    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def remove_credential(self, credential_id: Union[str, bytearray]) -> None:
        """
        Removes a credential from the authenticator.
        """
        # Check if the credential is bytearray converted to b64 string
        if type(credential_id) is bytearray:
            credential_id = urlsafe_b64encode(credential_id).decode()

        self.execute(
            Command.REMOVE_CREDENTIAL, {"credentialId": credential_id, "authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id}
        )

    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def remove_all_credentials(self) -> None:
        """
        Removes all credentials from the authenticator.
        """
        self.execute(Command.REMOVE_ALL_CREDENTIALS, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})

    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def set_user_verified(self, verified: bool) -> None:
        """
        Sets whether the authenticator will simulate success or fail on user verification.
        verified: True if the authenticator will pass user verification, False otherwise.
        """
        self.execute(Command.SET_USER_VERIFIED, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id, "isUserVerified": verified})
